What Is a Proxy Fight? A proxy fight refers to the act of a group of shareholders joining forces and attempting to gather enough shareholder proxy votes to win a corporate vote. Sometimes referred to as a “proxy battle,” this action is mainly used in corporate takeovers. In the process of a corporate takeover–particularly a
What Are Proxy Materials? Proxy materials (also known as the proxy statement) are documents provided by public corporations in order that shareholders can understand how to vote at shareholder meetings, and make informed decisions about how to delegate their votes to a proxy. These are regulated by the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) in accordance with
What Is a Proxy Vote? The term proxy vote refers to a ballot cast by a single person or firm on behalf of a corporation’s shareholder who may not be able to attend a shareholder meeting, or who may not choose to vote on a particular issue. Shareholders receive a proxy ballot in the mail
What Is the Prudent Expert Act? The term Prudent Expert Act refers to a regulatory measure that requires the fiduciary of a defined contribution retirement plan to manage the portfolio using the same level of care, diligence, prudence, and skill as someone familiar with such matters. This rule is contained in section 404(a)(1)(B) of the
What Is a Prudent Investment? A prudent investment refers to the recognized use of financial assets that are suitable for an investor’s goals and objectives. A prudent investment considers the risk/return profile and the time horizon of an investor. Fiduciaries (such as financial advisors, attorneys, CPAs and retirement plan sponsors), whom an investor entrusts to
What Is the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA)? The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA) is a piece of legislation passed by Congress in 1995 to stem the filing of frivolous or unwarranted securities lawsuits. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act increased the amount of evidence that plaintiffs are required to present before filing
What Is Price to Tangible Book Value (PTBV)? Price to tangible book value (PTBV) is a valuation ratio expressing the price of a security compared to its hard or tangible net assets’ book value as reported in the company’s balance sheet. The tangible book value number is equal to the company’s total book value less
What Is a Perseroan Terbatas (PT)? Perseroan Terbatas (PT) is the type of legal entity that a foreign company, foreign government, or foreign individual must use to run a revenue-generating business in Indonesia. Also known as a foreign investment limited liability company, a PT is a business entity that allows foreign investors to conduct commercial
What Is Public? Public refers to anything that can be accessed by any person or group in the general population. In the context of investment and finance, the term is most commonly used to describe securities that are available on an exchange or an over-the-counter market, and the population who trades those securities. Key Takeaways
What Is Proof of Work (PoW)? Proof of work (PoW) describes a consensus mechanism that requires a significant amount of computing effort from a network of devices. The concept was adapted digital tokens by Hal Finney in 2004 through the idea of “reusable proof of work” using the 160-bit secure hash algorithm 1 (SHA-1). Following
