What Is a Pre-Refunding Bond? A pre-refunding bond is a debt security that is issued in order to fund a callable bond. With a pre-refunding bond, the issuer decides to exercise its right to buy its bonds back before the scheduled maturity date. The proceeds from the issue of the lower yield and/or longer maturing
What Is Presenteeism? Presenteeism refers to the lost productivity that occurs when employees are not fully functioning in the workplace because of an illness, injury, or other condition. Even though the employee may be physically at work, they may not be able to fully perform their duties and are more likely to make mistakes on the
What is the Present Situation Index? The Present Situation Index is a subindex that measures overall consumer sentiment regarding the present economic situation. This index is determined via a survey conducted for the Conference Board by Nielsen, and it is used to derive the Consumer Confidence Index. This is also sometimes known as the Current
What Is the Present Value of an Annuity? The present value of an annuity is the current value of future payments from an annuity, given a specified rate of return, or discount rate. The higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the annuity. Present value (PV) is an important calculation that relies on the concept
What Is the Presidential Election Cycle Theory? The presidential election cycle theory, developed by Stock Trader’s Almanac founder Yale Hirsch, posits that equity market returns follow a predictable pattern each time a new U.S. president is elected. According to this theory, U.S. stock markets perform weakest in the first year, then recover, peaking in the
What Is a Press Conference? A press conference is an event organized to officially distribute information and answer questions from the media. Press conferences are also announced in response to specific public relations issues. Corporate press conferences are generally led by the company’s executive management, press liaison, or communications officer. Given limited resources, particularly during
What Is a Press Release? A press release is a piece of news or information that companies send out to inform the public about something noteworthy or of material significance. Press releases are often handled by a company’s public relations (PR) department. Companies issue press releases, which may be spread to a wider audience through
What Is the Pretax Rate of Return? The pretax rate of return is the return on an investment that does not include the taxes the investor must pay on this return. Because individuals’ tax situations differ and different investments attract varying levels of taxation, the pretax rate of return is the measure most commonly cited
What Is the Previous Balance Method? The term “previous balance method” describes one of many methods for calculating interest payments that are used by credit card companies. Under the previous balance method, the amount of interest charged each month is based on the balance of debt outstanding on the card as of the beginning of
What Is Price Continuity? Price continuity is a characteristic of a liquid market in which the bid-ask spread, or difference between offer prices from buyers and requested prices from sellers, is relatively small. Price continuity reflects a liquid market, for which there are many buyers and sellers for a given security. Price continuity should not
