What Is Cost Per Thousand (CPM)? Cost per thousand (CPM), also called cost per mille, is a marketing term used to denote the price of 1,000 advertisement impressions on one web page. If a website publisher charges $2.00 CPM, that means an advertiser must pay $2.00 for every 1,000 impressions of its ad. The “M”
What Is the Canada Pension Plan (CPP)? The Canada Pension Plan is one of three levels of the Canadian government’s retirement income system, which is responsible for paying retirement or disability benefits. The Canada Pension Plan was established in 1965 to provide a basic benefits package for retirees and disabled contributors. If the recipient dies
What Is a Crack? A crack, or crack spread, is a term used in the energy markets to represent the differences between crude oil and the prices of the wholesale petroleum products that derive from it, such as jet fuel, kerosene, home heating oil, and gasoline. Crack or crack spread is a trading strategy used
What Is Cracking? Cracking is a technique used in oil refineries whereby large and complex hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller and lighter components that are more useful for commercial or consumer use. Cracking is a critical stage in the process of refining crude oil. Other petroleum products, such as heating oil, diesel fuel
What Is a Crack Spread? A crack spread refers to the overall pricing difference between a barrel of crude oil and the petroleum products refined from it. It is an industry-specific type of gross processing margin. The “crack” being referred to is an industry term for breaking apart crude oil into the component products, including
Craig Wright (b.1970) is an Australian computer scientist who claims to be Satoshi Nakamoto, the mysterious inventor of Bitcoin. According to Wright, he was involved in Bitcoin’s creation along with his friend, the deceased computer security expert Dave Kleiman. He made this claim after Wired magazine and Gizmodo floated the possibility of his being Nakamoto in
What Is a Cramdown? A cramdown is the imposition of a bankruptcy reorganization plan by a court despite any objections by certain classes of creditors. A cramdown is often utilized as a part of the Chapter 13 bankruptcy filing and involves the debtor changing the terms of a contract with a creditor with the help
What Is a Cram-Down Deal? A cram-down deal refers to a situation where an investor or creditor is forced into accepting undesirable terms in a transaction or bankruptcy proceedings. It can be used as an alternative to the term “cram down.” It has come into use as an informal catch-all for any transaction that involves
What Does Crammed Down Mean? Crammed down refers to an investor or creditor being forced to accept undesirable terms. Crammed down is mainly used to describe either a dilutive venture capital (VC) financing round or the imposition of a bankruptcy reorganization plan by the court. Key Takeaways Crammed down mainly refers to a dilutive venture capital (VC) financing round
What Is a Cram Up? A cram up is when junior classes of creditors impose a cramdown—which allows bankruptcy courts to ignore objections by creditors to recognize debts—on senior classes of creditors during a bankruptcy or reorganization. If enough junior class creditors agree to the terms set by a company seeking refinancing, they can force holdouts to be bound to
