What Is a Pigovian Tax? A Pigovian (also spelled Pigouvian) tax is a tax assessed against private individuals or businesses for engaging in activities that create adverse side effects for society. Adverse side effects are those costs that are not included as a part of the product’s market price. These include environmental pollution, strains on public healthcare from
What Does PIIGS Mean? PIIGS is a derisive acronym for Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain, which were the weakest economies in the eurozone during the European debt crisis. At the time, the acronym’s five countries garnered attention due to their weakened economic output and financial instability, which heightened doubts about the nations’ abilities to pay back bondholders and
What Is a Payment-In-Kind (PIK) Bond? A payment-in-kind (PIK) bond refers to a type of bond that pays interest in additional bonds rather than in cash during the initial period. The bond issuer incurs additional debt to create the new bonds for the interest payments. Payment-in-kind bonds are considered a type of deferred coupon bond
What Is Pilot Fishing? Pilot fishing is a type of pre-marketing of an initial public offering (IPO) that involves testing out initial investor sentiment to receive feedback on how the market may respond to an actual issue. Pilot fishing has led to some controversy because it could undermine the role of investment bankers, who provide
What Is PIN Cashing? PIN cashing is a type of fraud in which the use of stolen debit or credit card information allows a thief to gain access to the cardholder’s bank or credit account. Typically, PIN cashing involves the use of an automatic teller machine (ATM) to withdraw funds once the card’s personal identification
What Are Pink Sheets? Pink sheets are listings for stocks that trade over-the-counter (OTC) rather than on a major U.S. stock exchange. Many pink sheet listings are stock shares in companies that cannot meet the requirements for listing on a major U.S. stock exchange like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Most pink sheet listings
What Is a Pip? “Pip” is an acronym for percentage in point or price interest point. A pip is the smallest whole unit price move that an exchange rate can make, based on forex market convention. Most currency pairs are priced out to four decimal places and a single pip is in the last (fourth)
What Is a Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE)? Private investment in public equity (PIPE) is the buying of shares of publicly traded stock at a price below the current market value (CMV) per share. This buying method is a practice of investment firms, mutual funds, and other large, accredited investors. A traditional PIPE is one
What Is a PIPE Deal? Private investment in public equity deal (PIPE Deal) refers to the practice of private investors buying a publicly-traded stock at a price below the current price available to the public. Mutual funds and other large institutional investors can strike deals to buy large chunks of stock at a preferred price.
What Is the Pipeline Theory? The pipeline theory sustains the idea that an investment firm that passes all returns on to clients should not be taxed like regular companies. Capital gains, interest, and dividends as returns are key concepts to understand the pipeline theory. The pipeline theory is also referred to as the conduit theory.
