What Is a Par Yield Curve? A par yield curve is a graphical representation of the yields of hypothetical Treasury securities with prices at par. On the par yield curve, the coupon rate will equal the yield to maturity (YTM) of the security, which is why the Treasury bond will trade at par. The par
What Is Passive Activity? Passive activity is an income-generating activity that a taxpayer did not materially participate in during the tax year. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) defines two types of passive activity: trade or business activities in which the taxpayer doesn’t materially participate. Unless the taxpayer is a real estate professional, rental activities usually
What Are Passive Activity Loss Rules? Passive activity loss rules are a set of IRS rules that prohibit using passive losses to offset earned or ordinary income. Passive activity loss rules prevent investors from using losses incurred from income-producing activities in which they are not materially involved. Being materially involved with earned or ordinary income-producing activities means the
What Is a Passive ETF? A passive exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a financial instrument that seeks to replicate the performance of the broader equity market or a specific sector or trend. Passive ETFs mirror the holdings of a designated index—a collection of tradable assets deemed to be representative of a particular market or segment. Investors can
What Is Passive Management? Passive management is a style of management associated with mutual and exchange-traded funds (ETF) where a fund’s portfolio mirrors a market index. Passive management is the opposite of active management in which a fund’s manager(s) attempt to beat the market with various investing strategies and buying/selling decisions of a portfolio’s securities.
What Is a Pass-Through Rate? The pass-through rate is the interest rate on a securitized asset, such as a mortgage-backed security (MBS), that is paid to investors once management fees, servicing fees, and guarantee fees have been deducted by the issuer of the securitized asset. It is often referred to as the net interest rate. Key Takeaways The
What Is a Pass-Through Certificate? Pass-through certificates are fixed-income securities that represent an undivided interest in a pool of federally insured mortgages put together by a government-sponsored agency, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae). How a Pass-Through Certificate Works A large percentage of mortgages that have been issued to borrowers are sold
What Is a Pass-Through Security? A pass-through security is a pool of fixed-income securities backed by a package of assets. A servicing intermediary collects the monthly payments from issuers and, after deducting a fee, remits or passes them through to the holders of the pass-through security (that is, people or entitities who have invested in
What Does Past Due Mean? Past due refers to a payment that has not been made by its cutoff time at the end of its due date. A borrower who is past due will usually face some penalties and can be subject to late fees. Failure to repay a loan on time usually has negative
What Is Past Service? Past service refers to the period of employment prior to an employee’s participation in a pension plan. That period may exclude the employee from certain benefits that existed before they participated in the plan. Employees have the option to purchase past service, using cash or through a qualified retirement plan roll-over
