James M. Buchanan Jr. was an American economist who earned the Nobel Prize in economics in 1986 for his contribution to public choice theory, which uses economics to analyze the behavior of voters and public officials. He is the author of several books, including What Should Economists Do?, The Limits of Liberty, and The Calculus
James Tobin was a Neo-Keynesian economist who received the 1981 Nobel Prize in economics for his research on the financial system and its impact on inflation and employment. He is known for pioneering the Tobin Tax, a levy on foreign exchange transactions to reduce currency speculation. Tobin is the author of several books including Essays
Jan Tinbergen was a Dutch economist who won the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for their work in the development and application of dynamic models for analyzing economic processes. Tinbergen was one of the first economists to apply math to economics and is considered a pioneer
What Is the January Barometer? The term “January Barometer” refers to the belief held by some traders that the investment performance of the S&P 500 Index in January can predict its performance for the rest of the year. For example, proponents of this view believe that if the S&P 500 rises between Jan. 1 and
What Is the January Effect? The January Effect is a perceived seasonal increase in stock prices during the month of January. Analysts generally attribute this rally to an increase in buying, which follows the drop in price that typically happens in December when investors, engaging in tax-loss harvesting to offset realized capital gains, prompt a
What Is Japan Inc.? Japan, Inc. is a descriptor for that country’s modern, highly centralized economic system and development strategy of export-led growth. In a sense, Japan since the 1980s has been defined by a corporate culture of capitalism and export profits. Despite its rapid growth of corporatism, the country experienced prolonged periods of economic
What Is the Jarrow Turnbull Model? The Jarrow Turnbull model is one of the first reduced-form models for pricing credit risk. Developed by Robert Jarrow and Stuart Turnbull, the model utilizes multi-factor and dynamic analysis of interest rates to calculate the probability of default. Key Takeaways The Jarrow Turnbull Model is a credit risk model
What Is the Japan Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (Jasdaq)? The Japan Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (Jasdaq) is a stock exchange that forms part of the Japan Exchange Group (JPX). It is focused on emerging venture companies and, like the Nasdaq exchange, is a fully electronic trading platform. Key Takeaways The Jasdaq
What Is a Junior Capital Pool (JCP)? A junior capital pool (JCP) is a corporate capital structure that allows early-stage startups to sell shares in the company before actually establishing a line of business. This form of company financing is a Canadian invention and is permitted only in Canada. The JCP may also be known
What Is a J Curve? A J Curve is an economic theory which states that, under certain assumptions, a country’s trade deficit will initially worsen after the depreciation of its currency—mainly because in the near term higher prices on imports will have a greater impact on total nominal imports than the reduced volume of imports.
