What Is the Investor Protection Act? The Investor Protection Act is a component of the broader Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009, designed to expand the powers of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The act established a whistleblower reward for reporting financial fraud, increased liability for aiding and abetting, and
What Is the Jackson Hole Economic Symposium? The Jackson Hole Economic Symposium is an annual symposium, sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City since 1978, and held in Jackson Hole, Wyo., since 1981. Every year, the symposium focuses on an important economic issue that faces world economies. Participants include prominent central bankers and finance
Jack Welch was the chair and chief executive of General Electric (GE) from 1981 to 2001. Welch dramatically increased the market value of GE from $14 billion to $410 billion. He had a reputation as one of the top CEOs of all time. Fortune dubbed him “Manager of the Century” in 1999. When Welch retired, GE
James H. Clark is a serial and successful entrepreneur and computer scientist, perhaps best known for co-founding Netscape with Marc Andreessen in 1994. Netscape Navigator was the market leader in web browsers in the early days of the internet, becoming the dominant browser in terms of usage share in the 1990s. However, because it was
James M. Buchanan Jr. was an American economist who earned the Nobel Prize in economics in 1986 for his contribution to public choice theory, which uses economics to analyze the behavior of voters and public officials. He is the author of several books, including What Should Economists Do?, The Limits of Liberty, and The Calculus
James Tobin was a Neo-Keynesian economist who received the 1981 Nobel Prize in economics for his research on the financial system and its impact on inflation and employment. He is known for pioneering the Tobin Tax, a levy on foreign exchange transactions to reduce currency speculation. Tobin is the author of several books including Essays
Jan Tinbergen was a Dutch economist who won the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for their work in the development and application of dynamic models for analyzing economic processes. Tinbergen was one of the first economists to apply math to economics and is considered a pioneer
What Is the January Barometer? The term “January Barometer” refers to the belief held by some traders that the investment performance of the S&P 500 Index in January can predict its performance for the rest of the year. For example, proponents of this view believe that if the S&P 500 rises between Jan. 1 and
What Is the January Effect? The January Effect is a perceived seasonal increase in stock prices during the month of January. Analysts generally attribute this rally to an increase in buying, which follows the drop in price that typically happens in December when investors, engaging in tax-loss harvesting to offset realized capital gains, prompt a
What Is Japan Inc.? Japan, Inc. is a descriptor for that country’s modern, highly centralized economic system and development strategy of export-led growth. In a sense, Japan since the 1980s has been defined by a corporate culture of capitalism and export profits. Despite its rapid growth of corporatism, the country experienced prolonged periods of economic
