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What Is a Christmas Tree (oil and gas)? A Christmas tree is a piece of equipment that provides flow control on a oil or gas well. Christmas trees are a vertical assembly of valves with gauges and chokes that allow for adjustments in flow control as well as injections to stimulate production. Christmas trees are

What Is Churn Rate? The churn rate, also known as the rate of attrition or customer churn, is the rate at which customers stop doing business with an entity. It is most commonly expressed as the percentage of service subscribers who discontinue their subscriptions within a given time period. It is also the rate at

What Is Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF)? Cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) is an international shipping agreement, which represents the charges paid by a seller to cover the costs, insurance, and freight of a buyer’s order while the cargo is in transit. Cost, insurance, and freight only applies to goods transported via a waterway, sea

What Is the Composite Index of Lagging Indicators? The Composite Index of Lagging Indicators is an index published monthly by the Conference Board, used to confirm and assess the direction of the economy’s movements over recent months. Key Takeaways The Composite Index of Lagging Indicators is a composite economic indicator that lags behind changes in

What Is the Composite Index of Leading Indicators? The Composite Index of Leading Indicators, otherwise known as the Leading Economic Index (LEI), is an index published monthly by The Conference Board. It is used to predict the direction of global economic movements in future months. The index is composed of 10 economic components whose changes

What Are Corporate Inflation-Linked Securities (CILS)? The term corporate inflation-linked securities (CILS) refers to a series of security that seeks to mitigate the risks posed by inflation to a bond’s rate of return. A bond or other similar security’s returns drop when interest rates rise. This is mitigated by indexing the coupon rate to an

What Was the Cincinnati Stock Exchange? The Cincinnati Stock Exchange was a securities exchange formed in 1885 by a group of Cincinnati businessmen. The CSE’s headquarters moved to Chicago in 1995, and in 2003, the CSE changed its name to the National Stock Exchange (NSX) and relocated its headquarters to New Jersey. Key Takeaways The Cincinnati

What Is the Chartered Insurance Professional (CIP) Designation? The Chartered Insurance Professional (CIP) designation is an influential professional accreditation within the Canadian property and casualty insurance industry. It is administered by the Insurance Institute of Canada, a non-profit organization headquartered in Toronto, Canada. To obtain the CIP, candidates must complete 10 courses and pass their

What Is a Circuit Breaker? The term “circuit breaker refers” to an emergency-use regulatory measure that temporarily halts trading on an exchange. Circuit breakers attempt to curb in panic-selling and can also be triggered on the way up with manic-buying. They are commonly used for individual securities as well as broad market indexes like the

What Is a Circular Merger? A circular merger is a transaction to combine companies that operate within the same general market, but offer a different product mix. A company engages in a circular merger to provide a greater range of products or services within their market. For example, if a snack food company engages in