What Are Rights of Accumulation (ROA)? Rights of accumulation (ROA) are rights that allow a mutual fund shareholder to receive reduced sales commission charges when the amount of mutual funds purchased plus the amount already held equals a rights of accumulation (ROA) breakpoint. Key Takeaways Rights of accumulation (ROA) grant holders of mutual fund shares the potential
What Is a Robber Baron? “Robber baron” is term used to describe America’s most successful industrialists. This derogative term was primarily used during the era of the late 19th century often known as the Gilded Age. The term robber baron is also sometimes used to describe any successful businessperson whose practices are considered unethical or unscrupulous. This
Robert C. Merton is an American economist who won the 1997 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Merton, along with Fisher Black and Myron Scholes, developed a method of determining the value of options, referred to as the Black-Scholes model. Merton also developed an intertemporal capital asset pricing model (CAPM) based on William Sharpe’s capital
Robert Crandall served as the president, CEO, and chair of AMR Corporation, the holding company for American Airlines, from 1985 to 1998. Crandall is known for his executive leadership and innovations, including a revolutionary computer reservation system for travel agents. Key Takeaways For more than two decades, Robert Crandall sat as the president, CEO, and
Robert F. Engle III is an econometrician and professor of economics at New York University. Engle won the 2003 Nobel Prize in Economics, along with Clive W.J. Granger, for their analysis of time-series data with time-varying volatility. Time-varying volatility is the fluctuation over time of the value of financial instruments, and Engle’s discoveries of the variations
What Is the Robinson-Patman Act? The Robinson-Patman Act is a federal law passed in 1936 to outlaw price discrimination. The Robinson-Patman Act is an amendment to the 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act and is supposed to prevent “unfair” competition. Key Takeaways The Robinson-Patman Act is a federal law intended to prevent price discrimination.The law prevents distributors
What Is a Robo-Advisor? A robo-advisor (also spelled as roboadvisor) is a digital platform that provides automated, algorithm-driven financial planning and investment services with little to no human supervision. A typical robo-advisor asks questions about your financial situation and future goals through an online survey. It then uses the data to offer advice and automatically
What Is a Robo-Signer? A robo-signer refers to an employee of a mortgage servicing company that signs paperwork such as foreclosure documents robotically without reviewing them. Rather than actually reviewing the individual details of each case, robo-signers assume the paperwork to be correct and sign it automatically – like robots. In some cases, software is
What Does Robust Mean? In the world of investing, robust is a characteristic describing a model’s, test’s, or system’s ability to perform effectively while its variables or assumptions are altered. A robust concept will operate without failure and produce positive results under a variety of conditions. For statistics, a test is robust if it still
What Is Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)? The term return on capital employed (ROCE) refers to a financial ratio that can be used to assess a company’s profitability and capital efficiency. In other words, this ratio can help to understand how well a company is generating profits from its capital as it is put to use. ROCE
