Possible Outcomes of Prisoner’s Dilemma Outcome Henry Cooperates Henry Defects Elizabeth Cooperates (1,1) (5,0) Elizabeth Defects (0,5) (3,3) Penalties for (Elizabeth, Henry) In this case, each robber always has an incentive to defect, regardless of the choice the other makes. From Elizabeth’s point of view, if Henry remains silent, then Elizabeth can either co-operate with
What Is a Private Activity Bond (PAB)? Private Activity Bonds are bonds issued by or on behalf of a State or Local Government for the purpose of providing special financial benefits for qualified projects. If the bonds meet specific criteria the interest earned may be tax-exempt. The financing is most often for projects of a
What Is a Private Annuity? A private annuity is a special agreement in which an individual (annuitant) transfers property to an obligor. The obligor agrees to make payments to the annuitant according to an agreed-upon schedule in exchange for the property transfer. Private annuities are not an industry standard necessarily but may be used in various scenarios
What Is Private Banking? Private banking consists of personalized financial services and products offered to the high-net-worth individual (HNWI) clients of a retail bank or other financial institution. It includes a wide range of wealth management services, and all provided under one roof. Services include investing and portfolio management, tax services, insurance, and trust and
What Is a Private Company? A private company is a firm held under private ownership. Private companies may issue stock and have shareholders, but their shares do not trade on public exchanges and are not issued through an initial public offering (IPO). As a result, private firms do not need to meet the Securities and Exchange
What Is a Private Currency? Private currencies are units of value issued by a private organization (such as a corporation or nonprofit enterprise) to act as an alternative to a national or fiat currency, which would otherwise be the standard unit of value in a country. As a result, these currencies are not legal tender.
What Is Private Equity? Private equity describes investment partnerships that buy and manage companies before selling them. Private equity firms operate these investment funds on behalf of institutional and accredited investors. Private equity funds may acquire private companies or public ones in their entirety, or invest in such buyouts as part of a consortium. They
What Is the Price-to-Rent Ratio? The price-to-rent ratio is the ratio of home prices to annualized rent in a given location. This ratio is used as a benchmark for estimating whether it’s cheaper to rent or own property. The price-to-rent ratio is used as an indicator for whether housing markets are fairly valued, or in
What Is a Price-Weighted Index? A price-weighted index is a stock index in which each company included in the index makes up a fraction of the total index proportional to that company’s share stock price per share. In its simplest form, adding the price of each stock in the index and dividing by the total
What Is Prima Facie? The Latin expression prima facie means “at first sight”, “at first view”, or “based on first impression”. In both civil and criminal law, the term is used to denote that, upon initial examination, a legal claim has sufficient evidence to proceed to trial or judgment. In most legal proceedings, one party
