What Is Payment for Order Flow (PFOF)? Payment for order flow (PFOF) is a form of compensation, usually in terms of fractions of a penny per share, that a brokerage firm receives for directing orders for trade execution to a particular market maker or exchange. Payment for order flow is common in options markets, and
What Is the Labor Force Participation Rate? The labor force participation rate is an estimate of an economy’s active workforce. The formula is the number of people ages 16 and older who are employed or actively seeking employment, divided by the total non-institutionalized, civilian working-age population. In the 12 months ending January 2023, the U.S.
What Are Participatory Notes? Participatory notes also referred to as P-notes, or PNs, are financial instruments required by investors or hedge funds to invest in Indian securities without having to register with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). P-notes are among the group of investments considered to be Offshore Derivative Investments (ODIs). Any dividends or
What Is a Partnership? A partnership is a formal arrangement by two or more parties to manage and operate a business and share its profits. There are several types of partnership arrangements. In particular, in a partnership business, all partners share liabilities and profits equally, while in others, partners may have limited liability. There also
What Is a Party Wall? In real estate terminology, a party wall is a shared wall that separates two separately rented or owned units. Party walls are most commonly found in apartments, condominiums, hotels, and office complexes, where different tenants will share a common structure. Party walls can be a non-structural wall, but laws in
What Is Par Value? Par value, also known as nominal or original value, is the face value of a bond or the value of a stock certificate, as stated in the corporate charter. Stock certificates issued for purchased shares show the par value. The par value of shares, or the stated value per share, is the
What Is a Par Yield Curve? A par yield curve is a graphical representation of the yields of hypothetical Treasury securities with prices at par. On the par yield curve, the coupon rate will equal the yield to maturity (YTM) of the security, which is why the Treasury bond will trade at par. The par
What Is Passive Activity? Passive activity is an income-generating activity that a taxpayer did not materially participate in during the tax year. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) defines two types of passive activity: trade or business activities in which the taxpayer doesn’t materially participate. Unless the taxpayer is a real estate professional, rental activities usually
What Are Passive Activity Loss Rules? Passive activity loss rules are a set of IRS rules that prohibit using passive losses to offset earned or ordinary income. Passive activity loss rules prevent investors from using losses incurred from income-producing activities in which they are not materially involved. Being materially involved with earned or ordinary income-producing activities means the
What Is a Passive ETF? A passive exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a financial instrument that seeks to replicate the performance of the broader equity market or a specific sector or trend. Passive ETFs mirror the holdings of a designated index—a collection of tradable assets deemed to be representative of a particular market or segment. Investors can
