What Is Opinion Shopping? Opinion shopping is the practice of searching for an outside auditor willing to provide a favorable view of a company’s financial condition. Securing a positive assessment, known as an unqualified opinion, leads the public to believe that the company’s financials are fairly presented and conform to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)
What Is Opportunity Cost? Opportunity costs represent the potential benefits that an individual, investor, or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another. Because opportunity costs are unseen by definition, they can be easily overlooked. Understanding the potential missed opportunities when a business or individual chooses one investment over another allows for better
What Is the Options Price Reporting Authority (OPRA)? The Options Price Reporting Authority (OPRA) is a committee of representatives from participating securities exchanges responsible for providing last-sale options quotations and information from the participating exchanges. Serving as a national market system plan, OPRA oversees the process by which participants exchange, consolidate and disseminate market data.
What Is Optimal Capital Structure? The optimal capital structure of a firm is the best mix of debt and equity financing that maximizes a company’s market value while minimizing its cost of capital. In theory, debt financing offers the lowest cost of capital due to its tax deductibility. However, too much debt increases the financial
Investopedia / Michela Buttignol What Is an Option? The term option refers to a financial instrument that is based on the value of underlying securities such as stocks. An options contract offers the buyer the opportunity to buy or sell—depending on the type of contract they hold—the underlying asset. Unlike futures, the holder is not
What Is Optionable Stock? An optionable stock is one where the shares have the necessary liquidity and volume such that an exchange lists that stock’s options for trading. In order for a stock to be optionable, exchanges mandate that certain criteria be met, including a minimum share price, number of shares outstanding, and minimum unique
What Is Option-Adjusted Spread (OAS)? The option-adjusted spread (OAS) is the measurement of the spread of a fixed-income security rate and the risk-free rate of return, which is then adjusted to take into account an embedded option. Typically, an analyst uses Treasury yields for the risk-free rate. The spread is added to the fixed-income security
What Is an Options Chain? An options chain, also known as an option matrix, is a listing of all available options contracts for a given security. It shows all listed puts, calls, their expiration, strike prices, and volume and pricing information for a single underlying asset within a given maturity period. The chain will typically be
What Is an Options Disclosure Document (ODD)? The options disclosure document (ODD) is a publication issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) that serves as an important guide for options traders. The comprehensive document—formally titled Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options—is particularly essential for novice options traders. Options are financial derivatives based on the value
What is Option Margin Option margin is the cash or securities an investor must deposit in their account as collateral before writing—or selling—options. Margin requirements are established by the Federal Reserve Board in Regulation T and vary based on the type of option. Key Takeaways Options margins are the cash or security that traders must submit
