What Is After-Sales Service Support? After-sales support, sometimes called after-sales service, is any service provided after a customer has purchased a product. After-sales support may be provided by a retailer, manufacturer, or a third-party customer service or training provider. Typically, examples of after-sales service include support regarding warranty service, training, or repair and upgrades. After-sales
What Is an After-Tax Contribution? An after-tax contribution is money paid into a retirement or investment account after income taxes on those earnings have already been deducted. When opening a tax-advantaged retirement account, an individual may choose to defer the income taxes owed until after retiring, if it is a traditional retirement account, or pay
What Is an After-Tax Profit Margin? An after-tax profit margin is a financial performance ratio calculated by dividing net income by net sales. A company’s after-tax profit margin is significant because it shows how well a company controls its costs. The after-tax profit margin is the same as the net profit margin. Understanding Profit Margin
What Is the After-Tax Real Rate of Return? The after-tax real rate of return is the actual financial benefit of an investment after accounting for the effects of inflation and taxes. It is a more accurate measure of an investor’s net earnings after income taxes have been paid and the rate of inflation has been
What Is After-Tax Return on Assets? After-tax return on assets (ROA) is a financial ratio used to measure after-tax income earned by a company from its assets. After-tax ROA compares after-tax income to average total assets (ATA) and is expressed as a percentage. A company that earned $100 of after-tax income on $400 of ATA
What Is an Against Actual Transaction? The term “against actual” refers to a type of transaction regularly carried out in the commodities futures markets. In an against actual transaction, holders of opposing futures contracts for the same commodity agree to settle their respective contracts by exchanging them with one-another along with a payment based on
What Is Aktiengesellschaft (AG)? AG is an abbreviation of Aktiengesellschaft, which is a German term for a public limited company. This type of company shares are offered to the general public and traded on a public stock exchange. Shareholders’ liability is limited to their investment. The shareholders are not responsible for the company’s debts, and their assets are
Newly established planting beds and planting beds that have been used in past seasons must be readied for the coming growing season. To prepare an established planting bed for the growing season you must decide what is going to be planted in the bed. While most planting beds are basically prepared in the same way
Growing backyard grapes is not difficult, but success depends upon choosing the right variety for your climate, training the vine, and pruning regularly. Grapes require a cold spell during the winter (but not a killing freeze), warmth in spring for flowering and fruit set, and heat and sunshine in summer to ripen the fruit. There
Leeks can be blanched and kept clean by growing in tubes—paper tubes or tubes made of biodegradable material or in recyclable plastic tubes (shown here). Leeks are nearly a year-round garden grower. Start leeks indoors in winter for planting out in very early spring for an early summer harvest. Set out leeks transplants in late
